Computerhok 2013#
Intro#
The old computerhok is running for almost 5 years now (Ubuntu 8.04, both hypervisor and guests), time for something new.Functions to be ported from old to new#
- Gallery
- JSPWiki, including apache frontend
- home for geocaching hof images
- nagios (on a separate guest or on hypervisor?)
- fail2ban like solution (see current ~/bin/cron/blockHost.sh)
- backuphost for krm2DB
- a backup hardware node on remote location, and easy backup
- dhfds
- http://www.esthercreations.nl
can retire
- webmin still necessary ?
- mail server (not open relay!, see /etc/postfix/main.cf)
- uptime script
- OpenVZ logo should go from homepage
VirtualBox#
We will no longer use OpenVZ, it is too restrictive in choice of guest OS'es.
We intend to use VirtualBox as hypervisor, and Ubuntu 12.04 LTS as both host and guest OS.
Work in progress / install log#
Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS#
- Installed Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS from USB stick.
- LVM setup and 10GB root partitiion
- temporary wlan0 (wireless) as primary interface
- IP address 10.0.0.150
- only SSH server
- Locales: en_US.UTF-8 and nl_NL.UTF-8 (first one default)
kernel recompile#
- recompile kernel because of DSDT issue
VirtualBox installation#
- install packages
- add deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian precise contrib
- add the apt key : sudo apt-key add oracle_vbox.asc
- apt-get install virtualbox-4.2
- install extension pack
root@apollo:~/Downloads# sudo VBoxManage extpack install Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-4.2.6-82870.vbox-extpack 0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100% Successfully installed "Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack". root@apollo:~/Downloads#
- create test VM:
root@apollo:~# VBoxManage createvm --name Ubuntu1 --ostype Linux --register Virtual machine 'Ubuntu1' is created and registered. UUID: 1ed5e417-1eca-4a60-b6d4-5c8f40e44019 Settings file: '/root/VirtualBox VMs/Ubuntu1/Ubuntu1.vbox' root@apollo:~#
- modify attributes (more memory, VT off, network bridged instead of NAT:
VBoxManage modifyvm Ubuntu1 --memory=512 --hwvirtex=off --hwvirtexexcl=off --vtxvpid=off --boot1=dvd --boot2=disk --boot3=none --nic1=bridged --bridgeadapter1=wlan0 --nicpromisc1=allow-all --vrde=on --vrdeport=13389
- Deleted the kernel source again to free up some disk space:
root@apollo:~/src# du -cms linux-source-3.2.0/ 5172 linux-source-3.2.0/ 5172 total root@apollo:~/src# df -h . Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda7 9.2G 6.6G 2.2G 76% / root@apollo:~/src# rm -rf linux-source-3.2.0/ root@apollo:~/src# df -h . Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda7 9.2G 1.6G 7.2G 18% /
- Add CD and disk:
VBoxManage storagectl Ubuntu1 --name='IDE Controller' --add=ide --controller=PIIX4 --bootable=on VBoxManage storagectl Ubuntu1 --name='SATA Controller' --add=sata --controller=IntelAhci --bootable=on
- show me how you look now:
root@apollo:~/VirtualBox VMs/Ubuntu1# VBoxManage showvminfo Ubuntu1 Name: Ubuntu1 Groups: / Guest OS: Other Linux UUID: 1ed5e417-1eca-4a60-b6d4-5c8f40e44019 Config file: /root/VirtualBox VMs/Ubuntu1/Ubuntu1.vbox Snapshot folder: /root/VirtualBox VMs/Ubuntu1/Snapshots Log folder: /root/VirtualBox VMs/Ubuntu1/Logs Hardware UUID: 1ed5e417-1eca-4a60-b6d4-5c8f40e44019 Memory size: 512MB Page Fusion: off VRAM size: 8MB CPU exec cap: 100% HPET: off Chipset: piix3 Firmware: BIOS Number of CPUs: 1 Synthetic Cpu: off CPUID overrides: None Boot menu mode: message and menu Boot Device (1): DVD Boot Device (2): HardDisk Boot Device (3): Not Assigned Boot Device (4): Not Assigned ACPI: on IOAPIC: off PAE: off Time offset: 0ms RTC: local time Hardw. virt.ext: off Hardw. virt.ext exclusive: off Nested Paging: on Large Pages: off VT-x VPID: off State: powered off (since 2013-01-26T17:41:58.000000000) Monitor count: 1 3D Acceleration: off 2D Video Acceleration: off Teleporter Enabled: off Teleporter Port: 0 Teleporter Address: Teleporter Password: Tracing Enabled: off Allow Tracing to Access VM: off Tracing Configuration: Autostart Enabled: off Autostart Delay: 0 Storage Controller Name (0): IDE Controller Storage Controller Type (0): PIIX4 Storage Controller Instance Number (0): 0 Storage Controller Max Port Count (0): 2 Storage Controller Port Count (0): 2 Storage Controller Bootable (0): on Storage Controller Name (1): SATA Controller Storage Controller Type (1): IntelAhci Storage Controller Instance Number (1): 0 Storage Controller Max Port Count (1): 30 Storage Controller Port Count (1): 30 Storage Controller Bootable (1): on NIC 1: MAC: 0800276CD273, Attachment: Bridged Interface 'wlan0', Cable connected: on, Trace: off (file: none), Type: Am79C973, Reported speed: 0 Mbps, Boot priority: 0, Promisc Policy: allow-all, Bandwidth group: none NIC 2: disabled NIC 3: disabled NIC 4: disabled NIC 5: disabled NIC 6: disabled NIC 7: disabled NIC 8: disabled Pointing Device: PS/2 Mouse Keyboard Device: PS/2 Keyboard UART 1: disabled UART 2: disabled LPT 1: disabled LPT 2: disabled Audio: disabled Clipboard Mode: disabled Drag'n'drop Mode: disabled VRDE: enabled (Address 0.0.0.0, Ports 13389, MultiConn: off, ReuseSingleConn: off, Authentication type: null) Video redirection: disabled USB: disabled EHCI: disabled USB Device Filters: <none> Available remote USB devices: <none> Currently Attached USB Devices: <none> Bandwidth groups: <none> Shared folders: <none> VRDE Connection: not active Clients so far: 0 Guest: Configured memory balloon size: 0 MB
- attach the CD image
VBoxManage storageattach Ubuntu1 --storagectl='IDE Controller' --port=1 --device=1 --type=dvddrive --medium=/tmp/ff/ubuntu-12.04.1-server-i386.iso
- create HD:
VBoxManage createhd --filename '/root/VirtualBox VMs/Ubuntu1/disk1.vdi' --size=15000
- attach HD:
VBoxManage storageattach Ubuntu1 --storagectl='SATA Controller' --port=1 --device=0 --type=hdd --medium='/root/VirtualBox VMs/Ubuntu1/disk1.vdi'
- fire up the VM :
root@apollo:~/Downloads# VBoxHeadless --startvm Ubuntu1 Oracle VM VirtualBox Headless Interface 4.2.6 (C) 2008-2012 Oracle Corporation All rights reserved. VRDE server is listening on port 13389.
VirtualBox cloning/snapshotting#
Take a snapshot of a running VM:
VBoxManage snapshot Ubuntu1 take snapshot01 --description "first snapshot, almost vanilla ubuntu"
This commands ends fine, but the VM hangs, even no response from external pings anymore.
VRDP just shows a black screen.
Looks like it is paused (even if not specified on the snapshot subcommand):
root@apollo:~# VBoxManage showvminfo Ubuntu1 --details|grep -i state State: paused (since 2013-01-27T15:23:36.808000000) root@apollo:~#So try to resume it: root@apollo:# VBoxManage controlvm Ubuntu1 resume root@apollo:# VBoxManage showvminfo Ubuntu1 --details|grep -i state State: running (since 2013-01-27T15:40:09.024000000) root@apollo:# }}} And yes it is running again.
Now clone this snapshot to a second machine:
root@apollo:~# VBoxManage clonevm Ubuntu1 --snapshot snapshot01 --options keepdisknames --name Ubuntu2 --register 0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100% Machine has been successfully cloned as "Ubuntu2" root@apollo:~#(This takes a few minutes).
But then we have :
root@apollo:~# VBoxManage list vms
"Ubuntu1" {1ed5e417-1eca-4a60-b6d4-5c8f40e44019}
"Ubuntu2" {e82b1ffb-21be-45e1-b467-c84cf5fda1a1}
root@apollo:~#
Change the vrdeport (should not be the same as the first machine):
VBoxManage modifyvm Ubuntu2 --vrdeport 13390
And fire up the thing:
root@apollo:~# VBoxHeadless --startvm Ubuntu2 Oracle VM VirtualBox Headless Interface 4.2.6 (C) 2008-2012 Oracle Corporation All rights reserved. VRDE server is listening on port 13390.
The first boot takes a bit longer, because of an fsck that runs because it thinks the fs was not cleanly unmounted.
First login through the VRDP console and change hostname with hostname ubuntu2 and editing /etc/hostname.
I also note that network device eth0 does not come up.
dmesg shows that udev has renamed eth0 to eth1, that sounds familiar: remove /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
- listing HD's and cloning a harddisk:
root@apollo:~# vb list hdds
UUID: fc263d6a-18d4-4bda-a987-d8ffdc2a11b3
Parent UUID: base
Format: VDI
Location: /root/VirtualBox VMs/Ubuntu1/disk1.vdi
State: locked read
Type: normal
Usage: Ubuntu1 (UUID: 1ed5e417-1eca-4a60-b6d4-5c8f40e44019) [snapshot01 (UUID: 36426ba8-c819-45a3-87e5-e0d599cfc309)]
UUID: 88a8d294-cb4c-4881-b42b-286b25b3ab3e
Parent UUID: fc263d6a-18d4-4bda-a987-d8ffdc2a11b3
Format: VDI
Location: /root/VirtualBox VMs/Ubuntu1/Snapshots/{88a8d294-cb4c-4881-b42b-286b25b3ab3e}.vdi
State: locked write
Type: normal
Usage: Ubuntu1 (UUID: 1ed5e417-1eca-4a60-b6d4-5c8f40e44019)
UUID: fb289305-27fc-4344-bfb2-75942cbb1252
Parent UUID: base
Format: VDI
Location: /root/VirtualBox VMs/Ubuntu2/disk1.vdi
State: locked write
Type: normal
Usage: Ubuntu2 (UUID: e82b1ffb-21be-45e1-b467-c84cf5fda1a1)
root@apollo:~# vb clonehd fc263d6a-18d4-4bda-a987-d8ffdc2a11b3 /tmp/cloned.from.ubuntu1
0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100%
Clone hard disk created in format 'VDI'. UUID: 8a06d36c-13f0-4275-abe7-ebc64bff59a4
root@apollo:~# vb list hdds
UUID: fc263d6a-18d4-4bda-a987-d8ffdc2a11b3
Parent UUID: base
Format: VDI
Location: /root/VirtualBox VMs/Ubuntu1/disk1.vdi
State: locked read
Type: normal
Usage: Ubuntu1 (UUID: 1ed5e417-1eca-4a60-b6d4-5c8f40e44019) [snapshot01 (UUID: 36426ba8-c819-45a3-87e5-e0d599cfc309)]
UUID: 88a8d294-cb4c-4881-b42b-286b25b3ab3e
Parent UUID: fc263d6a-18d4-4bda-a987-d8ffdc2a11b3
Format: VDI
Location: /root/VirtualBox VMs/Ubuntu1/Snapshots/{88a8d294-cb4c-4881-b42b-286b25b3ab3e}.vdi
State: locked write
Type: normal
Usage: Ubuntu1 (UUID: 1ed5e417-1eca-4a60-b6d4-5c8f40e44019)
UUID: fb289305-27fc-4344-bfb2-75942cbb1252
Parent UUID: base
Format: VDI
Location: /root/VirtualBox VMs/Ubuntu2/disk1.vdi
State: locked write
Type: normal
Usage: Ubuntu2 (UUID: e82b1ffb-21be-45e1-b467-c84cf5fda1a1)
UUID: 8a06d36c-13f0-4275-abe7-ebc64bff59a4
Parent UUID: base
Format: VDI
Location: /tmp/cloned.from.ubuntu1
State: created
Type: normal
Now, you cannot just copy these files over :
root@apollo:~/VirtualBox VMs/Ubuntu2# cat /tmp/cloned.from.ubuntu1 > disk1.vdi
root@apollo:~/VirtualBox VMs/Ubuntu2# vb list vms
"Ubuntu1" {1ed5e417-1eca-4a60-b6d4-5c8f40e44019}
"Ubuntu2" {e82b1ffb-21be-45e1-b467-c84cf5fda1a1}
root@apollo:~/VirtualBox VMs/Ubuntu2# vb startvm Ubuntu2
Waiting for VM "Ubuntu2" to power on...
VBoxManage: error: The virtual machine 'Ubuntu2' has terminated unexpectedly during startup with exit code 0
VBoxManage: error: Details: code NS_ERROR_FAILURE (0x80004005), component Machine, interface IMachine
root@apollo:~/VirtualBox VMs/Ubuntu2#
So now "detach" this disk again by "attaching none" :
VBoxManage storageattach Ubuntu1 --storagectl='SATA Controller' --port=1 --device=0 --type=hdd --medium none
- also detach from Ubuntu2 and delete the disk :
VBoxManage storageattach Ubuntu2 --storagectl='SATA Controller' --port=1 --device=0 --type=hdd --medium=none VBoxManage closemedium disk fb289305-27fc-4344-bfb2-75942cbb1252 --delete
- and attach the snapshotted disk to Ubuntu2 (I first renamed/moved the cloned hdd), and make it bootable:
VBoxManage storageattach Ubuntu2 --storagectl='SATA Controller' --port=1 --device=0 --type=hdd --medium='/root/VirtualBox VMs/Ubuntu2/disk1.vdi' VBoxManage modifyvm Ubuntu2 --boot1 disk
TODO
- This cloned HD should act as backup and be attached to the second VM to test if everyhting is fine with it.
Extra installed packages#
- See DSDT issue
- vim
- htop